Police Policing And Sentencing - 2287 Words

Two key areas of state-organised responses to crime are policing and sentencing, these both play a role in how the criminal justice system works. This essay will provide a critical comparison between the two and how the policy shifts within them have been influenced by both populism and managerialism. On one hand, populism is described as â€Å"existing wherever there is an ideology of popular resentment against the order imposed on society† Shils (1956). Thus policies based upon populist influences focus on common-sense conceptions of crime. They have emotional and expressive responses, due to the fact it is mainly based around public protection and the idea that the public must be heard (Garland,2001). On the other hand, managerialism is â€Å"A†¦show more content†¦The second wave was introduced with the New Labour government in 1997, this attempted to establish ‘performance management’ across the public sector. New Labour believed the criminal justic e system should be modernized, therefore it should establish reinforcing objectives on a ‘what works’ principle, to achieve maximum use of the resources (McLaughlin,2013). Although the police have a vital role in determining who goes through the criminal process, sentencing within the courts has an immediate impact on the penal system (CavadinoDignan,2007). Policy shifts within sentencing over the last two decades has been dominated by populist influences which is seen in contemporary prison population statistics. This is due to the fact the public believe the aim of sentencing should be deterrence and incapacitation, the offender should be taken out of society which would work as a deterrent to others. At the beginning of the 1990s, however, policy shifts reflected instrumental managerial concerns. The Criminal Justice act 1991 followed the ideas of the White Paper:1990 which stated that ‘Imprisonment can be an expensive way of making bad people worse’ (Home office,1990). This policy was ‘offence based’ as the main focus was on a just deserts policy, this is the movement which states the amount of punishment imposed on an offender should be proportionate to the seriousness of the offence

Politics Of The Polarized Classroom Essay - 1666 Words

Politics of the Polarized Classroom A Popular Trope By now, one must have already heard or read about the story of a young man standing up to his professor in philosophy class, the latter being a self-professed atheist. Simply put, the professor claimed that it was stupid to believe in God because there was no empirical proof of God. The young man, however, wittily retorts that since the class really had no empirical proof of the professor’s brain, then they really had no business believing him. The same trope is basically used in a more elaborated rendition in the recent Christian film God’s Not Dead (2014). There, an atheist professor challenges a Christian student for his irrational beliefs, but suddenly comes to terms with the irrationality of his own belief system by the end of the movie (Noble). An average movie at best, it can be said that richer meaning might be found in the circumstances of its creation. Movies, after all, mimic aspects of reality regardless of genre, so that the political realities described th erein are hardly fictional in nature. Simply put, â€Å"to create a film is to participate politically† (Christensen and Haas 6). Here, it is profitable to point out the three things both texts have in common: (1) both feature an atheistic professor; (2) both feature a Christian student who avidly believes God; and (3) both occur in the classroom. These factors are important to note, and the third point needs stressing, as it is central to the plot of both texts.Show MoreRelatedEvery Generation Is Defined By Something. Baby Boomers1417 Words   |  6 Pageswell-intentioned but it has ignored the harsh reality that while diversity is a good thing, everyone’s ideology is going to be different. 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International Conference On Know Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Conference On Know Management? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this task is to provide a brief overview of the company Dell Inc. which manages their operations in the computer technology industry. The company manufactures both hardware and software products and services in the market. Dell is an American multinational company which was originated in the year 1984 by Michael Dell. The task discusses the core activities and the objectives of the company and its position in the market with respect to its competitors. More details about the task are discussed below: Background of the company Dell Inc. is based in Texas and sells, repairs, manufactures and supports the personal computer, data storage devices, software, camera, printers etc. in the market. The company is famous for its innovative production in the market and the supply change management along with e-commerce activities as well. The company also focuses on the direct-sale model to initiate sales in the market. Dell operates in a computer technology industry where production of computer hardware and software activities are implemented. The computer industry or information technology industry involves in designing the hardware and providing the IT services in such a way that it brings technological upgradation in the market (Laudon, and Laudon 2015). Further, the core business activity of the company is the manufacturing and selling of its personal computers in the market. The client solution unit of the company accounts two-third of its revenue which relies on the sale of PC. The client solution includes notebooks, laptop, tablets, thin client products, and services. Earlier, Dell was a desktop PC company, and the desktop PC itself generated revenue for the company. Thus it shall be noted that the core business activities of the company is producing personal computers and provide services related to it (Dell 2018). Another activity initiated by the company is enterprise solution. This activity includes networking, storage, servers etc. related services in the market. Further, these activities contribute 27 per cent of the total sales of the company. The company works with a diversified network of employees working with them from all parts of the world. More than 101,800 people work with the company. Dell aims to employ people wi th great innovative ideas and people who can match up to the innovations related to the company. The people strategy of the company is designed to attract worlds greatest talent and deliver breakthrough performance in the external market as well (Dell EMC 2018). Aim and strategic objectives The aim and objective which Dell holds in their business process are that the company constantly aims to provide technological acceptance to people all around the world. The company aims to ensure that the multi-featured products which they provide are available in the market for all the people so that they can also adopt new and efficient technology in their daily basis activities (Dell EMC 2018). Further, the company also aims to create products in the market with the optimum use of all the available resources and other macro and micro environments as well. Also, the organization aims to deliver structurally and functionally viable computers for the visually impaired people globally. The code of ethics of Dell inculcates social, environmental, economic and corporate responsibility in all the activities so as to provide greater level of satisfaction to the customers and the society on a whole. Due to feasible and practical aims and objectives, the company is able to implement them i n action plan to deliver satisfaction in the market (Zimmermann, et. al., 2015). Competition Major competitors of Dell in the market are Lenovo and Hewlett-Packard Company as both the company provides similar services in the market. Further company also competes with Apple and IBM Corporation in the software and business hardware sector. Talking about the strengths of Hewlett-Packard Company it shall be noted that the company has its biggest presence in all parts of the world and mainly in China where technology is used in all sectors. Just like Dell, HP has also created brand reputation in the market by serving quality products. Also, the company holds diversified portfolio which gives an ease to the customers to choose between different products and purchases the best-suited product for them. Further, the weakness of the company is poor competency in acquisitions and less income acquired from the sale of personal system divisions (Xu 2014). Further talking about strengths and weakness of Lenovo, it shall be noted that Lenovo earns the biggest revenue in the market by providing low-cost products to the customers in the market. Further, the workforce of Lenovo has adequate synergy of knowledge and diversified people acting upon the management. The weakness which Lenovo faces is the poor brand perception in the developed economies and low differentiation in the market as well (Uhl, and Gollenia 2016). Apart from these organizations there are many other organizations slowly trying to gain the pace in the information technology market. So, summing up the analysis it shall be concluded that there is heavy competition in the market which is promoted by many associations as it reduces the cost for customers and provides them better level of satisfaction as well (Sedera, et. al., 2016). Positioning of Dell Dell is regarded as one of the largest computer selling firms in the market. The company is distinguished in the market due to its direct selling process initiated through its marketing strategy. Also, Dell is known for building efficient personal computers worldwide. Thus, it shall be noted that the company is positioning in the market at a place where the customers purchase the products of the company just by looking at its brand image. People do not focus on specifications, but the name of Dell is enough to sell the product in the environment. The company has become a market leader in the information technology environment (Linda, et. al., 2015). Further Dell earned this position in the market due to the competitive advantage which they initiated in their business activities. Direct marketing policy helped the firm to reputation in the market and shows their business functions to the whole world. Apart from that, the company focuses on providing best solutions to the people in the market, not just provide the best technology to people. The company aims to provide useful technology to people which can increase their satisfaction level in the market. It shall be noted that a position in the market on the basis of reviews given by the customers present in the market (Teece, and Linden 2017). So, the customers of Dell are satisfied with their services, therefore, the company has earned the position of market leader. In the overall market of information technology, Dell is placed in the third position after HP and Lenovo and its market share is 15.7 per cent (Statista 2018). Strength: As discussed above, the company has earned adequate share in the total information technology market which makes the company competent to initiate its actions in the market. $7.5 billion is the brand value of the company. Product customization gives greater level of satisfaction as they can produce product according to their requirements. Lastly, direct selling model helps the company to increase the satisfaction of customer and logistic supply promote the company in global market (Dell EMC 2018). Weakness: Computer hardware is weakness of the company as these products are not efficient as compared to products served by the competitors. Low investment in research and development pulls the growth of the company in the backward direction. Being present in an information technology it is very important for organization keeps themselves competent in the department of development (Valacich, and Schneider 2015). Opportunities: The company has a scope of expansion of their services and enterprise solutions. Expansion in various parts worldwide is the biggest opportunity for the company which can also help them to increase their market share as well. It shall be noted that the Tablet market of Dell is on slow growth, so the company shall innovate the product and then serve them in the market so as to increase sales (Dell Technologies 2018). Threats: There is increasing demand for smartphones and tablets in the market which can hamper the growth of the company in the global market. Role of digital technology in Dell Digital transformation is the most important activities which all organizations aim to initiate. Additionally being placed in a technological business, it is very important for organizations to use the digital transformation activities to succeed in the market. Digital transformation helps an organization to create products which are competent and efficient in the market. Dell uses the digital transformation practices on regular basis promote their products and services in the market. The company uses an ongoing approach of transforming their IT sector to accelerate innovation in the external environment as well. Further company aims to empower the people so as to collaborate with different skilled people and increase efficiency as well. Lastly, Dell aims to stay secured so as to protect the company from cyber-attacks as well. Thus, in this way digital technology is important for different organizations to present in the industry like Dell (Dell Technologies 2018). Recommendations Best practices which Dell Technologies implemented in accordance with digital transformation are discussed below: The company adequately understands the urgency to become digital leader driven by people. The people connected with the activities of the company demand a secured connection, personalization in products and on-demand services as well. With respect to which the company used the digital transformation activities to assist the people. The company used digital transformation to increase the efficiency and create a better infrastructure for the people of the company. Modernize, automate and transform are the three way model through which company used the technology and implement it to increase the satisfaction of customers (Dell Technologies 2018). Modernize approach helps the company to design the infrastructure which increases the efficiency of their employees and make full use of resources available to them. Further automate helps in reducing the risks and accelerating IT service delivery. Lastly, Transform helps the company initiate an IT model which indulges innovative activities in the business process. It also helps in supporting the agility and business goals as well. Further, the company is aiming to support the small-scale companies using digital technology to successfully implement their business operation. Through survey, the company analyzed the people facing issues due to technology. Afterwards, Dell organized digital rescue plan under which transformed the organization by making them digitally competent. Security transformation activity is also used by the company concerning the digital transformation activities. This process uses activities which embrace the environment and reduces the risk of interruption of outsider in the activities of the company (Dell Technologies 2018). Emerging Trends The digital enterprise is improving day by day with the initiation of innovation in the process. These trends and innovations are shaping the future of IT sector worldwide. The cloud computing activities are now becoming most important aspect of the organization present in this sector. Further internets of things are changing the functions of the companies on how to do businesses in the market. Artificial intelligence has become an important aspect which is used by all people, so companies focusing provide the services which are properly acquired by people. Also, the companies aim to provide artificial intelligence which produces things not destroy them (Monostori 2014). Future Directions The market is focusing on big five companies that are (Google), Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Microsoft whereas other Next 20 organizations are facing difficulty to survive against them. Dell is a part of Next 20; further, the direction in which the market is floating is based on many variables. Company providing more efficiency problem-free technology will be given priority in the market (Kane, et al., 2015). Conclusion Thus, in the limelight of above-mentioned events, it shall be noted that Dell Technologies' is a famous organization which is known for providing efficient technology services through direct selling. The above-mentioned task talks about the aim and objectives of the company and its position in the target market. Further, it also talks about the strengths and weakness of the company and the qualities of their competitors as well. Lastly, it shall be noted that company is adequately positioned among market leaders in the technological market. References Dell EMC., 2018. Dell EMC Creating A Digital Future Transforming IT. Viewed on January 29, 2018, from https://blog.dellemc.com/en-us/dell-emc-creating-digital-future-transforming/ Dell Technologies., 2018. Digital Transformation helps a business create and grow faster. Viewed on January 29, 2018 from https://www.delltechnologies.com/en-us/what-we-do.htm Dell Technologies., 2018. Digital Transformation: embracing a digital future. Viewed on January 29, 2018 from https://www.delltechnologies.com/en-us/perspectives/digital-transformation-index.htm Dell Technologies., 2018. Turn IT into an innovation hub. Viewed on January 29, 2018 from https://www.delltechnologies.com/en-us/what-we-do/it-transformation.htm Dell., 2018. Company Information. Viewd on January 29, 2018 from https://www.dell.com/learn/us/en/uscorp1/about-dell Kane, G.C., Palmer, D., Phillips, A.N., Kiron, D. and Buckley, N., 2015. Strategy, not technology, drives digital transformation.MIT Sloan Management Review and Deloitte University Press,14. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2015. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm Plus MyMISLab with Pearson eText--Access Card Package. Prentice Hall Press. Linda, A., Arduin, P.E., Grundstein, M., Negre, E. and Rosenthal-Sabroux, C., 2015, April. The role of the Enterprises Information and Knowledge System within the Digital Enterprise. InInternational Conference on Knowledge Management, Information and Knowledge Systems (KMIKS) 2015(pp. 91-86). Monostori, L., 2014. Cyber-physical production systems: roots, expectations and RD challenges.Procedia Cirp,17, pp.9-13. Sedera, D., Lokuge, S., Grover, V., Sarker, S. and Sarker, S., 2016. Innovating with enterprise systems and digital platforms: A contingent resource-based theory view.Information Management,53(3), pp.366-379. Statista., 2018. Market share held by the leading personal computer vendors worldwide in 2017. Viewed on January 29, 2018 from https://www.statista.com/statistics/267018/global-market-share-held-by-pc-vendors/ Teece, D.J. and Linden, G., 2017. Business models, value capture, and the digital enterprise.Journal of Organization Design,6(1), p.8. Uhl, A. and Gollenia, L.A., 2016.Digital enterprise transformation: A business-driven approach to leveraging innovative IT. Routledge. Valacich, J. and Schneider, C., 2015.Information Systems Today: Managing in a Digital World Plus MyMISLab with Pearson eText--Access Card Package. Prentice Hall Press. Xu, J., 2014. B2C Digital Enterprise: E-Tailing. InManaging Digital Enterprise(pp. 77-95). Atlantis Press, Paris. Zimmermann, A., Schmidt, R., Sandkuhl, K., Wiotzki, M., Jugel, D. and Mhring, M., 2015, September. Digital enterprise architecture-transformation for the internet of things. InEnterprise Distributed Object Computing Workshop (EDOCW), 2015 IEEE 19th International(pp. 130-138). IEEE.

The Life And Times Of The Man Who Invented The Telephone Essays

The Life And Times Of The Man Who Invented The Telephone Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) Alexander Graham Bell is remembered today as the inventor of the telephone, but he was also an outstanding teacher of the deaf and a prolific inventor of other devices. Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, to a family of speech educators. His father, Melville Bell, had invented Visible Speech, a code of symbols for all spoken sounds that was used in teaching deaf people to speak. Aleck Bell studied at Edinburgh University in 1864 and assisted his father at University College, London, from 1868-70. During these years he became deeply interested in the study of sound and the mechanics of speech, inspired in part by the acoustic experiments of German physicist Hermann Von Helmholtz (1821-1894), which gave Bell the idea of telegraphing speech. When young Bell's two brothers died of tuberculosis, Melville Bell took his remaining family to the healthier climate of Canada in 1870. From there, Aleck Bell journeyed to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1871 and joined the staff of the Boston School for the Deaf. The following year, Bell opened his own school in Boston for training teachers of the deaf; in 1873 he became a professor of vocal physiology at Boston University, and he also tutored private pupils. Bell's interest in speech and communication led him to investigate the transmission of sound over wires. In particular, he experimented with development of the harmonic telegraph --a device that could send multiple messages at the same time over a single wire. Bell also worked with the possibility of transmitting the human voice, experimenting with vibrating membranes and an actual human ear. Gardiner Hubbard (1822-1897) and Thomas Sanders, fathers of two of his deaf pupils backed Bell financially in his investigations. Early in 1874, Bell met Thomas A. Watson (1854-1934), a young machinist at a Boston electrical shop. Watson became Bell's indispensable assistant, bringing to Bell's experiments the crucial ingredient that had been lacking--his technical expertise in electrical engineering. Together the two men spent endless hours experimenting. Although Bell formed the basic concept of the telephone--using a varying but unbroken electric current to transmit the varying sound waves of human speech--in the summer of 1874, Hubbard insisted that the young inventor focus his efforts on the harmonic telegraph instead. Bell complied, but when he patented one of his telegraph designs in February 1875, he found that Elisha Gray had patented a multiple telegraph two days earlier. Greatly discouraged, Bell consulted in Washington with the elderly Joseph Henry, who urged Bell to pursue his germ of a great invention --speech transmission. Back in Boston, Bell and Watson continued to work on the harmonic telegraph, but still with the telephone in mind. By accident on a June day in 1875, an intermittent transmitter produced a steady current and transmitted sound. Bell had proof of his 1874 idea; he quickly sketched a design for an electric telephone, and Watson built it. The partners experimented all summer, but failed actually to transmit voice sounds. That fall, Bell began to write the patent specifications, but delayed application; Hubbard finally filed for the patent on February 14, 1876, just hours before Gray appeared at the same patent office to file an intent to patent his telephone design. Bell's patent was granted on March 7, 1876, and on March 10, the first message transmitted by telephone passed from Bell to Watson in their workshop: Mr. Watson, come here, I want you! After a year of refining the new device, Watson and Bell, along with Hubbard and Sanders, formed the Bell Telephone Company in 1877. Bell immediately married Mabel Hubbard, daughter of his new partner, and sailed to England to promote his telephone. The phone company grew rapidly, and Bell became a wealthy man. He turned to other interests on his return to the United States in 1879, while also defending his patents (which were upheld in 1888) against numerous lawsuits. With money from the Volta Prize, awarded to him in 1880 by the French government, Bell established the Volta Laboratory. Among the new devices he invented there were the graphophone for recording sound on wax cylinders or disks; the photophone, for transmitting speech on a beam of light; an audiometer; a